| 1. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1513-1517 |
Authors |
Sahar Ghazi Imran⃰, Eman Abbas khalaf, Jwan Sabah Bajlan and Reema Jwad Kadim Salman A. Hmood |
| Citation |
Sahar Ghazi Imran et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1513-1517 |
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1513-1517
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ABSTRACT: Household refrigerators are a potential source of pathogen contamination for foods leading to food spoilage and food borne diseases. This study was carried out to isolate and identification of fungi located in household refrigerators in Baghdad /Iraq. Fifty samples collected randomly. The interior of each refrigerator was swabbed using a sterile swab stick that had been pre-soaked in peptone diluents. Each sample collected was plated out on culture media Potato Dextrose agar. Results showed that all refrigerators were found to be contaminated. Fungi isolated from the refrigerators were Aspergillus (Aspergillus niger, A. paracitcus, A. penicilloides). Mucor were isolated including (M. hemalis, M. racemosum) and two species belong to the genus (Penicillum verrucmosum, Penicillum aurantiogriseu). As well as one fungi species were isolated from different genus, including (Alternaria alternate, Cladosporium cladosporiodes, Ulocladium chartarum and yeast)
KeyWords: psychrophilic fungi, contamination of food stored in refrigerators.
How to cite: Sahar Ghazi Imran et al. Isolation and Identification of fungi located in refrigerator and the effects on the preservation food. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1513-1517
| 2. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1518-1524 |
Authors |
Noor T. Hamdan* and Hameed M. Jasim |
| Citation |
Noor T. Hamdan et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1518-1524 |
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1518-1524
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ABSTRACT: In this study, forty-eight soil samples were collected from fields cultivated with wheat and barley from different governates of Iraq to isolate fungi producing cellulolytic enzyme. Fungal isolates were screened for enzymes production on selective media containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a sole source for carbon and energy. Results of semi-quantitative screening showed that forty-eight isolates were able to produce cellulase with variable degrees depending on the formation of halo zones around colonies of these isolates. These isolates in producing cellulase were selected and subjected to quantitative screening by determining cellulase specific activities in the culture filtrates. Results showed that the isolate symbol N48 was the most efficient among the other isolates in cellulase production since it produced the highest yield of cellulase enzyme. The specific activity of cellulase of this isolate reached 50.1U/mg protein.
KeyWords: Cellulase, Trichoderma spp, Submerged Fermentation, Solid-state fermentation.
How to cite: Noor T. Hamdan et al. Cellulase enzyme production from solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation using Trichoderma species isolated from Iraqi soils. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1518-1524
| 3. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1525-1529 |
Authors |
Hanan J. Nayyef*, Mohammed J Al-Obaidi, Ahmed Y Hanoon, Maysaa K. Al-Malkey, Nor Al-Huda F Kalaf, Istabraq A. Taqi and Khawla I Mesha’l |
| Citation |
Hanan J. Nayyef et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1525-1529 |
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1525-1529
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to investigate the knowledge and awareness of Mumps disease among Iraqi citizens. A Likert modified questionnaire of 21 different statements including general information of Mumps, transmission modes, diagnosis ways, risk behaviors, prevention, and treatment were used in this study. A questionnaires were distributed to 200 educated persons (120 females and 80 males) divided into three age groups (Group1=18-30, Group2=31-49, Group3=50 and more) years. Of these 70 persons were under (G1), 80 under (G2) and 50 were under (G3) age group. The study was conducted at University of Baghdad during the period of September 2016 to march 2017. The results of this study appeared that the majority of the tested age groups (100, 69.2, and 91.4%) were aware and have general information about Mumps disease. Also, 100, 82.5 and 72% of them have aware about Mumps transmission modes. Approximately 50% of the cohort believed that Mumps disease is preventable. Awareness of infection time and gender infection in male was more than in female (p<0.05). The study concluded that the majority of tested educated Iraqi sample have same knowledge of Mumps disease almost. However, there are still misconceptions regarding the attitudes, which reflect a false perception of the disease among people. This calls for well-structured health education programs stressing on such misconceptions.
KeyWords: Mumps, awareness, Iraq.
How to cite: Hanan J. Nayyef et al. Mumps Disease in Iraq: The General Knowledge and Public Awareness. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1525-1529
| 4. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1530-1535 |
Authors |
Noor Saber* and Nuha Joseph Kandala |
| Citation |
Noor Saber et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1530-1535 |
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1530-1535
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ABSTRACT: The role of Staphylococcal efflux pump in antibiotics and biocides resistance considered global issue and finding cheap, easy to handling and nontoxic efflux pump inhibitors is a persistent need since inhibition of efflux pumps would increase the susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria and restore the antibiotics/biocides activity and considered as critical criteria depended in studying extruding ability in efflux proteins. In this study, the inhibitory effect of two inhibitors (fluphenazine decanoate and caffeine) was investigated in 94 isolates of S.aureus isolates selected from 183 isolates according to resistant MDR pattern, 36 of them were positive for efflux activity detected using cartwheel method and confirmed by estimation MIC level of benzilkonium chloride, cetrimide, chloroxylenol, and chlorohexidine gluconate, the obtained results of this study showed that fluphenazine decanoate and caffeine, in the presence of low concentration of ethidium bromide as indicator for efflux activity, are potential inhibitors as the Staphylococcal EP activity to extrude of ethidium bromide was inhibited completely at 1mg/l of fluphenazine decanoate and 100mg/l of caffeine.
KeyWords: Staphylococcus aureus, Efflux Pumps, Efflux pumps inhibitor, Ethidium Bromide.
How to cite: Noor Saber et al. The inhibitory effect of fluphenazine decanoate and caffeine on Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1530-1535
| 5. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1536-1540 |
Authors |
Rana S. Aboud, Anmar S. Aboud, Ghada M. Saleh* and Hula Y. Fadil |
| Citation |
Rana S. Aboud et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1536-1540 |
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1536-1540
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ABSTRACT: To determine the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disorder, 20 patients with MS aged (25-60) years have been investigated from the period of 2016/12/1 to 2017/3/1 and compared to 15 apparently healthy individuals. All study groups were carried out to measure anti H.pylori IgA and H.pylori IgG antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. There was a significant elevation (p<0.05) in the concentration of anti H.pylori IgG and IgA antibodies (Abs) compared to control group, and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the concentration of IgA and IgG (Abs) of H.pylori according to gender, and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the concentration of IgA and IgG (Abs) of H.pylori according to gender and age. This result indicates that infection with H.pylori may play a role in the pathogenesis of MS.
KeyWords: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Helicobacter pylori, IgG, IgA.
How to cite: Rana S. Aboud et al. Detection of anti-Helicobacter pylori in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1536-1540
| 6. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1541-1549 |
Authors |
Senapathi Ramarao and Dr. V. Suryanarayana* |
| Citation |
Senapathi Ramarao et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1541-1549 |
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1541-1549
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ABSTRACT: Microbial cultures able to degrade xenobiotic compounds are the key element for biological treatment of waste effluents and are obtained from enrichment processes. Propanil is an acylanilide herbicide introduced in the early 1960s to control dicotyledonous weeds and grasses. In this study a total number of 18 bacterial isolates were screened from the propanil contaminated rice fields. From the isolates 2 strains named, Isolate K & Isolate P were screened for propanil degradation on MS media under aspetic conditions. The isolate P was reported to degrade the lowest propanil (50mg/L) in 83.27% as well as high concentration (800mg/L) was degraded at 12.07% under aseptic conditions. The bacterial isolate P was biochemically characterized and the isolate was identified by amplification and sequencing of their 16s rDNA at species level. The isolate P was finally identified as Pseudomonas sp.
KeyWords: Propanil degradation, Pseudomonas sp, Sequencing.
How to cite: Senapathi Ramarao et al. Screening, isolation and Molecular characterization of Propanil degrading bacteria. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1541-1549
| 7. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1550-1561 |
Authors |
Shaymaa R. Khairi* and Azhar J. Al- Mosowy |
| Citation |
Shaymaa R. Khairi et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1550-1561 |
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1550-1561
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ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to evaluate the preparation of five-layer nanolaminates that were introduced by Layer By Layer (LBL) technique by the use of two solvents: the sodium alginate and the other antimicrobial agent, Nisin. The halo diameter was estimated on a petri dish containing Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis or negative gram bacteria E. coli and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Enterococcus ssp. Aspergillus niger and Fusarium were used to estimate the effectiveness of antimicrobial extracts. The results showed that 0.2% concentration of nisin solution showed inhibitory activity against these microorganisms. The scanning electron microscope was used to detect the thickness of prepared nanolaminates, The total thickness of the alginate and nisin was 119.55 nm , The Zeta Potential of the alginate solution was -28.49 mV at pH 7 and the nisin solution 42.00 mV, The WVP water permeability values for the nanolayered PET film without any addition to the charged PET (treatment 1) were 29.091 g.m2/24h) and for the nanolayered PET-charged for sodium alginate and nisin solution 58.182 g.m2/ 24h, OTR was obtained for the nanolayered with no addition of the charged PET, 14.78 ml / m2.day), and for the PET-charged, covered with sodium alginate and nisin solution 29.61ml / m2.day. Three treatments were made of cheddar cheese, the first treatment was covered with the paraffin wax as control T1, the second was covered with gelatin (T2) and the third was coated with a nanolayered film consisting of the sodium alginate and the nisin solution (T3). The results showed a significant decrease in the moisture content and the correct acidity of the treatment T3 and evolution in the values of ADV by the duration of maturation and the body of the nisin solution in the nanolayered was determined from the microbiological growth of the treatment (T3), making it superior in the sensory characteristics of the comparison treatments.
KeyWords: Nisin, Nanolaminate, Cheddar cheese.
How to cite: Shaymaa R. Khairi et al. Preparation of a nanolaminate of alginate and nisin in LBL method and its use in prolonging shelf life of Cheddar cheese. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1550-1561
| 8. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1562-1566 |
Authors |
Mohammed Hasan Allawi*, Dr. Sahar Ghazi Imran, Suhad Hasan Allawi and Marwa Ahmed Ali |
| Citation |
Mohammed Hasan Allawi et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1562-1566 |
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1562-1566
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ABSTRACT: The present study included investigation of the urease enzyme in plant extracts belonging to the legume family, which included plant seed extracts (Vigna unguiculata, Vicia faba, Phaseolus vulgaris and Lagonychium farctum). The results showed that the highest enzyme efficacy of the urea was in the extract of the chickpea seeds and was chosen as a source for the study of the enzyme. The urease was investigated in parts of the chickpeas (seeds, stems and leaves). The highest enzyme activity and quality of the urea were in seed extract Lagonychium farctum. The optimum conditions for enzyme extraction were determined using different pH and temperature solutions. The potassium phosphate solution at 0.02 μl and pH 8 was best suited for enzyme extraction where the enzyme recorded an enzyme activity of 3.195 U / ml. The best reaction time for enzyme extraction was 30 min, giving an enzyme efficacy of 3.274 U/ml. The ionization process was purified by several steps including ammonium sulphate deposition with different precipitation ratios. The best saturation was 50%. The ionic-cellulose ionization was then filtered with the gel filtration on the Sephadex G-200 column. The filtration times were 29.6 times and with an enzyme yield of 75%.
KeyWords: Purification, Extraction, EC.3.5.1.5, Urease and Leguminales.
How to cite: Mohammed Hasan Allawi et al. Study of Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Urease Enzyme from some plant Leguminales. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1562-1566
| 9. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1567-1571 |
Authors |
Anwar S. Lafy* and Sameer A. Alash |
| Citation |
Anwar S. Lafy et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1567-1571 |
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1567-1571
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ABSTRACT: Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity of intestinal bacteria including (lactobacilli) is one of the indirect ways of decreas¬ing a cholesterol level in human body. Tested Lactobacillus strains were isolated from faeces of fully breast-fed infants, identified by phenotypic methods and biochemical tests screening for production BSH by direct plate assay method, and quantitative method.Among12 lactobacillus isolates ,only 3 strains were shown to be positive for BSH activity by agar plates supplemented with 0.5 % (w/v) Na-taurocholate (TCA ) and 0.37 g/L of CaCl2. While 10 isolates showed activity in a quantitative assay. The results shown quantitative assay was more sensitive compared with the plate assay (qualitative method) for BSH activity determination.
KeyWords: Lactobacillus, BSH, bile salt hydrolase activity.
How to cite: Anwar S. Lafy et al. Screening test of Bile Salt Hydrolase activity produced by Lactobacillus spp.by qualitative and quantitative methods. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1567-1571
| 10. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1572-1576 |
Authors |
Atheer Abdulrazzaq Abdulazeez and Ali Hassan Ahmed Al-Shammary* |
| Citation |
Atheer Abdulrazzaq Abdulazeez et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1572-1576 |
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1572-1576
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ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic human and animals’ pathogen that is found passively colonizing a large percentage of the population primarily on the skin or mammary glands in cows. As the capacity of a given S. aureus strain to cause infection varies among strains and is determined by the presence or absence of a large number of virulence-associated genes, some of which are encoded by phages. In order to determine the abundance and characterize the diversity of S. aureus strains which caused mastitis in cows in various provinces in Baghdad city, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of S. aureus phage-type specific DNA which carry genes coding for diverse virulence factors such as Panton-valentine leukocidin, enterotoxins and exfoliative toxins. S. aureus used in this study was isolated from mastitic cow milk grew on blood agar and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were selected as indicator strains to investigate the presences of phage segments. The isolates of wild lytic phages from the transient stocks were propagated with the corresponding host clinical MRSA isolates using the plate method. Plates were incubated overnight at 37˚C and plaque morphology and growth characteristics were recorded. Genomic DNA from isolated S. aureus phage was extracted and phage segments were investigated. Results showed that the phage content virulence factors in S. aureus isolates were, Enterotoxin A, enterotoxin P and Exfoliative toxin A, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, lipase. However, Panton –valentine leukocidin gene failed to amplify among strains and the diversity of Baghdad city is relatively high. The current study concluded that the role of bacteriophages in changing ecology and virulence of S. aureus was evident.
KeyWords: Molecular biology, Virulence factors, PCR, Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus, Phages, Mastitic Cows.
How to cite: Atheer Abdulrazzaq Abdulazeez et al. Recovery of Diverse Virulence Factors in Phages of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSAp) Isolated from Mastitic Cows. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1572-1576
| 11. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1577-1583 |
Authors |
Maha Muhamed Khudiar*, Areej Zuhair Azeez, Marwa Thamir Hindi and Ali Abdulqader Abdulbaqi |
| Citation |
Maha Muhamed Khudiar et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1577-1583 |
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1577-1583
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ABSTRACT: Microorganisms found in milk play an important role in milk hygiene and sometimes the hidden microorganisms in milk secrete toxins or enzyme may affect on public health. This study aims to detect the microbial content especially aerobic spores formers bacilli in different dried milk. Twenty six samples of dried milk were collected from Baghdad markets. Twenty two were identified base on PCR technique these consist of: four Bacillus cereus, twelve Bacillus subtilis and six non-identified species. Physiological analysis of the isolates showed different susceptibility to form biofilm especially with Bacillus subtilis isolates compared to Bacillus cereus and their ability to thermo resistance enzyme was clear and by 36.4 % of the isolates. It is concluded that these physiological activities may play an important role in reducing the duration of milk shelf life or lead to affect on milk hygiene even if it does not show signs of wrap.
KeyWords: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Thermo resistance enzyme, Protease activity.
How to cite: Maha Muhamed Khudiar et al. Occurrence Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus in dried milk found in Baghdad markets. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1577-1583
| 12. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1584-1590 |
Authors |
Mohammed Salim Abed Dhahee* and Jenan Khazal |
| Citation |
Mohammed Salim Abed Dhahee et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1584-1590 |
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1584-1590
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ABSTRACT: This study was carried out through the season2016-2017 in the greenhouses of Horticulture office/ Department of Researches and Studies/ Ministry of agriculture. The study aim was to evaluate the efficiency of some chemical agents in controlling powdery mildew (PM) on Zucchini, and to study the mechanism of action of these compounds on the causal agent, estimate the value of controlling on PM, determine the total chlorophyll, the leaves area, and the productivity. The results of six sprays with seven days between each spray showed many differences between Potassium Bicarbonates (PB) 3 g/L, 5 g/L, Potassium Silicates (PS) 3g/L, 5g/L, Sodium Silicates (SS) 3g/L, 5g/L, and MEGAVIL pesticide. There were no significant differences in % of disease severity between (PB) 5g/L and MEGAVIL. AUDPC showed significant differences between MEGAVIL and (PB) 5g/L with 91.92 and 113.75 respectively, the total AUDPC were between 739.37 and 388.50 for (PB) 3g/L, (SS) 3g/L, (SP) 3g/L, (SP) 5g/L, and (SS) 5g/L. while the treatment of control recorded highest value 1.727.32. AUDPC for the treatments were between 18.37 and 147 comparing with control 345.44. The results of leaves spraying referred that no significant differences between MEGAVIL and (PB) 5g/L with controlling value 94.80% and 99.35% respectively, while (SS) 3g/L, (PB) 3g/L, (SP) 3g/L, (SP) 5g/L, and (SS) 5g/L were 67.52, 68.17, 77.26, and 77.57% respectively. The results of total chlorophyll showed that MEGAVIL treatment was the highest with 69.48 followed by (PB) 5g/L and (PB) 3g/L with 60.08 – 66.40 respectively, whereas no significant differences between (SS) 5g/L and (SP) 5g/L with chlorophyll content 48.44- 52.40 respectively. The highest value for leaves area was with MEGAVIL treatment 106.46 cm2 followed by (PB) 5g/L and (PB) 3g/L with 85.08-99.04 and (SP) 3g/L with 76.76 cm2, the lowest value of leaves area recorded with MEGAVIL 45.91 cm2 comparing with control 38.04. The results showed significant increasing in productivity of one plant in all treatments with average between 1090-1410 g/plant comparing with control 618 g/plant. No significant differences between MEGAVIL, (PB) 5g/L, and (PB) 3g/L with 1340-1380, and 1410 g/plant respectively. There were reversal relationship between the productivity and total AUDPC.
KeyWords: Cucurbita pepo, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Erysiphe cichoracearum.
How to cite: Mohammed Salim Abed Dhahee et al. Evaluation of the efficiency of some chemical compounds in controlling powdery mildew in Zucchini. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1584-1590
| 13. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1591-1594 |
Authors |
Dhiey A. Al-aameri* and Nemat J. Abdulbaqi |
| Citation |
Dhiey A. Al-aameri et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1591-1594 |
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1591-1594
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ABSTRACT: Candida are an opportunistic human fungal pathogens. The last two decades witnessed a rapid spread of candidiasis. Candida classified as the fourth causative agent of nosocomial infections. Resistance to azole among Candida spp. clinical isolates has been increased, especially to fluconazole, which is the most common prescribed drug used. Samples collected during the period from December 2016, and March 2017, from different biological samples of patients aged between 8-70 years old. Out of 100 samples, 48 were Candida albicans, C. glabrata 14, C. tropicalis 9, C. krusei, and C. sphaeirica 7, C. parapsilosis, and C. kefyr 4, C. guiliermondii 3; and C. norvegenesis, and C. famata 2. Infections were predominant at age group 20-39 in the area of study. Fluconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates were tested using disc diffusion method. C. albicans isolates were susceptible to Fluconazole with high significant differences (P<0.01). Out of 48 isolates, 39 were susceptible, 5 were S-DD, and 4 were resistant. Non-albicans infections rate was exceeding that of Candida albicans, and Candida albicans showed a high susceptibility to fluconazole.
KeyWords: Candida albicans, Candida species, Candidiasis, Fluconazole, drug resistance.
How to cite: Dhiey A. Al-aameri et al. Susceptibility of Candida albicans from different clinical samples to fluconazole. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1591-1594
| 14. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1595-1600 |
Authors |
Sabah M. Hadi*, Zainab J. Shanan and Sabeeha K. Shanshool |
| Citation |
Sabah M. Hadi et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1595-1600 |
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1595-1600
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ABSTRACT: Nanomaterials have a wide range of applications due to their chemical and physical properties which depend on the size of the interesting particles compared to the size in the micrometer range. The importance of copper oxide nanomaterials increased due to their potential use in many technological fields. In this study CuO nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical and green method by using Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves extract. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and UV – Vis analysis. CuO NPs are highly stable and have significant effect on both gram positive and negative bacteria. Using these methods nanoparticles can be synthesized without the use of organic solvents, expensive raw materials and complex equipment. Besides simplicity, the advantage of producing nanoparticles through this method is that it is convenient, flexible, fast, cost-effective and pollution-free.
KeyWords: Copper oxide nanoparticles, green method, characterized, and antimicrobial activity.
How to cite: Sabah M. Hadi et al. Study Characterizations of CuO nanoparticles by using the chemical and green method and their effect on biofilm formation. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1595-1600
| 15. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1601-1615 |
Authors |
Ghada Sabih Mathlom, Nadhem Hasan Hayder* and Marwa Shaker Mahmood |
| Citation |
Ghada Sabih Mathlom et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1601-1615 |
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1601-1615
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this current research was to study the synergistic action of red pigment called prodigiosin and the biosurfactant produced by Serratia marcescens in order to increase antimicrobial activity. Serratia marcescens G10 isolated from sewage soil, in Baghdad, Iraq. Different parameters such as incubation time, oil source, sugar source. Nitrogen source, amino acids source and C: N ratio was studied to optimize the production of prodigiosin and biosurfactant .It was found from the result obtained that the higher production of prodigiosin and biosurfactant when using seasame oil and NaNo3 as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively, at C: N ratio 20:01 in the presence of amino acid proline after 42h for prodigiosin and 72h for biosurfactant production at pH 8.0. The optimization of prodigiosin and biosurfactant culture medium have yielded inhibition zone of more than 22 mm before mixing the bioactive compounds against tested pathogenic bacteria. Among different solvents used for the extraction of prodigiosin and biosurfactant, chloroform was found to be the best solvent for extraction of prodigiosin yielding 2.87 g/l, while mixture of chloroform and methanol (2:1 v/v) was found the best for biosurfactant extraction yielding 7.0 g/l. Characterization of prodigiosin and biosurfactant produced by Serratia marcescens G10 also studied. Absorption spectra of the red pigment dissolved in methanol exhibited a strong absorption peak at ƛmax = 535 nm, while the absorption spectrum of Serratia marcescens G10 biosurfactant, exhibited the highest peak at ƛmax = 305 nm. Structural attributes of prodigiosin and biosurfactant were determined by FTIR which confirmed the presence of (N-H) groups in the structure of prodigiosin; C=O stretching, O-H bending, C-O stretching, C-H bending and anhydrous-D-galactose sulfate. FTIR analysis of biosurfactant indicated the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbon chains along with polysaccharide moiety which confirmed the glycolipid nature of biosurfactant. The synergistic effect of biosurfactant with prodigiosin and some standard antibiotics was studied. The inhibition caused by exposure of bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to biosurfactant – prodigiosin mixture was 25% and 27% respectively as compared to biosurfactant alone. The combination effect of biosurfactant and chloramphenicol at concentration 1000 µg/ml enhanced 22% and 35.5% of inhibition zone of E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Also the combination effect of biosurfactant and streptomycin at concentration 1000 µg/ml enhanced 27.5% and 28% of inhibition zone of E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The results demonstrated that biosurfactant possess antimicrobial activity in nature. Hence if co-administrated with another inhibitory agent, the mixture reduces the survival of pathogens.
KeyWords: Prodigiosin, Biosurfactant, Synergistic effect, Antibiotics.
How to cite: Ghada Sabih Mathlom et al. Synergistic effect of biosurfactant and prodigiosin produced by Serratia marcescens as antimicrobial agent. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1601-1615
| 16. |
Research Article |
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| Pages |
1616-1621 |
Authors |
Nadia Ibrahim Abdul aali* and Dahfer Abed Ali Alobaidi |
| Citation |
Nadia Ibrahim Abdul aali et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6(2) 2018: 1616-1621 |
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1616-1621
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ABSTRACT: This study was carried out at the college of veterinary medicine, University of Baghdad, for two months, the aim of the present study was to evaluate some bacteriological quality and sensory evaluation for opened canned corned beef and storage at 4°c in refrigerator for (0, 3 & 5) days. Data obtained revealed the following results: means of anaerobic total bacterial count were (0.56 – 0.65) cfu/g meat, total coliform were (0.45 – 0.51) cfu/g with significant differences in related criteria, whereas Staphylococcus aureus was not found in canned beef samples. Total bacterial mean log count was variable at different storage conditions under 4°c inside a refrigerator in which, non-obvious count was detected after soon opening the examined cans at time or periods zero, whereas the total bacterial count at day (3) was (0.58 -0.65) cfu/g meat and increased in period (5) days to reach (1.27 – 1.45) cfu/g meat. Significant differences in the sensory properties among the four trademarks observed, while there are non-significant differences in the palatability and color of the four trademarks. Therefore it is necessary to make sensory and microbial evaluation cautiously to keep a good nutritional value and quality of the meat for safe public health.
KeyWords: Storage Conditions, Corned Beef Cans, Sensory Evaluation and Bacteriological Quality.
How to cite: Nadia Ibrahim Abdul aali et al. Effect of storage conditions on some sensory markers and bacteriological quality of corned beef cans stored at 4°C. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 6(2) 2018: 1616-1621
